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Alopecia areata is a type of hair and scalp disease that affects both men and women. It usually affects the scalp but there are times that other areas of the body are also affected. In this condition hair loss is rather hasty and often times, one side of the head are involved.

At present, it is evident that the root cause of alopecia areata is an abnormality in the immune system and this may lead to autoimmunity. In this case, the immune system attacks particular body tissues. In alopecia areata, for some unidentified reasons, the very own immune system of the body attacks the hair follicles and interrupts the normal formation of the hair. Examined and excised tissues of affected skin shows immune cells inside the hair follicles where they are not usually present and what causes this is not yet known.

Alopecia areata could be linked with other autoimmune conditions like ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, lupus, thyroid disease and allergic disorders. Genes and heredity could also be a factor since alopecia areata usually occurs within family members. Although there is no cure yet for this type of hair and scalp disease, corticosteroids may be prescribed, anti-inflammatory drugs.

There are different patterns of alopecia areata and the most common pattern is one or more areas of hair loss on the scalp. One form of a more comprehensive thinning of hair is referred to as diffuse alopecia areata all over the scalp. When all the hair on the scalp is lost, this condition is referred to as alopecia totalis while hair loss of the entire body is called alopecia universalis. The hair loss condition wherein the male beard is involved is known as alopecia areata barbe.